| Kinematics | Energy and Momentum | Dynamics | Surface Tension |
| Circular Motion | Rotation | Statics | Hydrostatics |
| Hydrodynamics | Simple Harmonic Motion | Wave Motion and Sound |
| Statics | Current | Magnetism | Induction |
| Alternating Current | Heat | Light | Nuclear |
View this index in PDF form.
M-K1 Addition of Vectors: A moving toy car on a moving road.
M-K2 Independence of free fall and
initial velocity: A ball shot vertically from a moving car
lands back on the cart.
M-K3 Independence of free fall and
initial velocity: The motions of two falling balls, one dropped
and one projected horizontally, are compared.
M-K4 Independence of free fall and initial velocity: Shooting a falling target with a dart gun. We have a new and easier setup on this old favorite.
M-K5 Stroboscopic observation of
motion.
M-K6 Vectors: Shadow projection
of a vector to obtain a component.
M-K7 Uniformly accelerated linear motion:
A roller on an inclined plane.
M-K8 Uniformly accelerated linear motion: A falling projectile leaves a position versus time record on a spark tape which can be shown on an overhead projector.
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M-D1 Acceleration is an inverse function of mass: A spring-driven auto with weights.
M-D2 Force action and reaction: A spring-driven auto on a glass road on an air table.
M-D3 Acceleration of a body does not depend upon the source of the force: Two large equipment carts and a rope. Or two roller skates and a rope.
M-D4 Acceleration is an inverse function of mass: Two unequally loaded carts shoot apart by a spring.
M-D5 The large air track
M-D6 Inertia experiment: A steel ball resting on a removable card.
M-D7 Inertia experiment: A heavy ball suspended by a string.
M-D8 Inertia experiment: A wooden pencil standing on end on a piece of paper.
M-D9 Rocket propulsion: A CO2 propelled rocket plane on overhead wire.
M-D10 Gravitation: A coin and a wad of cotton fall in an evacuated glass cylinder.
M-D11 The air table
M-D12 Inertial mass: An inertial balance whose oscillation frequency is a measure of the mass of an object placed on a platform.
M-D13 Newton's Laws: A working version of Atwood's machine.
M-D14 Gravitation: A laser beam aimed at the mirror of a Cavendish balance is reflected onto a wall or a screen.
M-D15 Chaos pendulum
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M-Eng Mom 1 Conservation of energy: A large pendulum suspended from the ceiling.
M-Eng Mom 4 Conservation of energy: A toy yo-yo.
M-Eng Mom 5 Conservation of energy: A pendulum with a changeable length.
M-Eng Mom 6 Conservation of energy: Rollers on inclined planes.
M-Eng Mom 7 Conservation of energy: Roller on a wavy track.
M-Eng Mom 8 Conservation of energy: Ball in a glass funnel.
M-Eng Mom 9 Potential energy and neutral equilibrium: Parallelogram configuration of the platform balance.
M-Eng Mom 10 Conservation of energy: The pile driver.
M-Eng Mom 11 Mechanical system seeks minimum potential energy: Double cone on sloped diverging rails.
M-Eng Mom 12 The air track and air table
M-Eng Mom 13 Conservation of energy: A bowling ball suspended from the ceiling is used to demonstrate potential energy transformed into kinetic energy.
M-Eng Mom 14 Conservation of energy: A flexible track for constructing a loop-the-loop.
M-Eng Mom 15 Conservation of energy: A can containing a hidden weight on a horizontally stretched rubber band returns after being rolled away.
M-Eng Mom 18 Conservation of energy: The Hopper Popper. A hollow rubber hemisphere turned inside out gains kinetic energy when dropped.
M-ST1 Pressure in a small soap bubble is greater than in a large bubble: A small bubble blows up a large bubble.
M-ST2 Strength of surface tension of water: The containing of water in a sieve or strainer.
M-ST3 Strength of surface tension of water: Cheesecloth and a glass tumbler.
M-ST4 Soap films on wire frames.
M-ST5 The lowering of the surface tension of water by camphor: A camphor-driven paper boat.
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M-CM1 Angular Measurement: Device showing a variable angle.
M-CM2 Forces in circular motion: A large conical pendulum hung from ceiling.
M-CM3 Forces in vertical circular motion: Pail or glass with water spun by hand in a vertical circle.
M-CM4 Forces in circular motion: A rolling chain loop.
M-CM5 Forces in circular motion: Mechanical model of a cream separator.
M-CM6 Forces in circular motion: Steam engine fly-ball governor.
M-CM7 Forces in circular motion: Puzzle consisting of two balls mounted on a wooden arc.
M-CM9 Forces in vertical circular motion: A penny balanced on a coat hanger is spun in a vertical circle.
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M-Rot 1 Moment of inertia and conservation of energy: Various cylinders and spheres on an inclined plane.
M-Rot 2 Conservation of angular momentum: Two masses spinning in a circle of variable radius.
M-Rot 3 Conservation of angular momentum: A bicycle wheel and a large rotating platform.
M-Rot 4 Principles of the gyroscope.
M-Rot 5 A falling stick which pivots about one end has points that accelerate faster than g: A hinged stick with several cups attached to catch a ball.
M-Rot 7 Moment of inertia: A set of two long similar tubes of equal mass, one weighted in the center and one weighted at the ends.
M-Rot 8 Conservation of angular momentum: Hoberman Sphere, a colorful plastic globe that can contract and expand.
M-S1 Normal and frictional components of a contact force: Object in equilibrium on a large inclined plane.
M-S2 Equilibrium of forces: A weight supported in the middle of a long, nearly horizontal rope.
M-S3 Fooling the senses: Two identical packages, one light and one heavy.
M-S4 Simple machines: Various pulley systems.
M-S5 Equilibrium of forces on an extended body: Long plank supported by two scales.
M-S6 Influence of normal force on friction: Meter stick on two movable supports.
M-S8 Equilibrium near a potential energy minimum: A loaded disc on an inclined plane.
M-S9 Stable equilibrium when center of gravity is over the base of an object: Model of the leaning power of Pisa.
M-S10 Equilibrium of forces on an extended body: A large slipping ladder for the lecturer to climb.
M-S11 Potential energy and neutral equilibrium: Parallelogram configuration of the platform balance - same as Eng-Mom 9.
M-S13 Simple machines: A differential hoist supporting a heavy weight.
M-S14 Quasi-equilibrium of forces on an extended body: Large yellow yo-yo that can be made to roll forward, backward or to skid.
M-S15 Orientation of frictional force: A wooden block held between the hands.
M-S16 Stable, unstable, and neutral equilibrium: A solid cone.
M-S17 Simple machines: A screwjack.
M-S18 Equilibrium of forces on an extended body: Model sailboat in a tank of water.
M-S19 Equilibrium near a potential energy minimum: Hammer tied to meter stick dangling below support point.
M-S20 Equilibrium of forces on extended bodies: One side of an arch is constructed of similar blocks past the point most students expect collapse.
M-S21 Equilibrium near a potential energy minimum: A toy clown with long weighted outriggers rides a unicycle on a sloped high wire.
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M-HS1 Pascal's Principle: The hydraulic press.
M-HS2 Pressure in a liquid yields a force outwardly normal to the container surface: Tube with a bottom made of sheet of plastic in a vessel of water.
M-HS3 Buoyancy of a compressible object whose average density is nearly that of water: The cartesian diver.
M-HS4 Pressure in a liquid yields a force outwardly normal to the container surface: A flat object pressed flat against the bottom in a container of mercury will remain in place.
M-HS5 Pressure in a liquid in an open vessel depends only on the depth below the free surface: Pascal's vases.
M-HS6 Air has weight: Balance with a hollow sphere that can be evacuated.
M-HS7 Atmospheric pressure: A large weight is lifted by a piston subjected to atmospheric pressure on one side.
M-HS8 Hydraulic puzzle.
M-HS9 The siphon: A water siphon and a gaseous CO2 siphon.
M-HS10 Atmospheric pressure: Magdeburg hemispheres.
M-HS11 The response of a mercury barometer to changing pressure: A mercury barometer and a vacuum pump.
M-HS12 Buoyant objects in accelerating fluids: A balloon in a car or a cork in a bottle. Accelometer: ping pong ball in water.
M-HS13 Pressure gauges: A Bourdon gauge and an aneroid gauge.
M-HS14 Pressure in a liquid depends on its density and the depth: A U-tube with water in one side and kerosene in the other.
M-HS15 Atmospheric pressure: A board extending over the edge of a table and covered by a newspaper at the other end is broken when the free end is struck sharply.
M-HS16 Buoyancy: Sinking battleship.
M-HS17 Buoyancy: A vat full of water (brimful) and the same vat full of water with wood floating in it.
M-HS18 Pressure in a liquid: The pressure in a liquid increases as the depth below the surface of the liquid increases.
M-HS19 Atmospheric pressure: To show how substantial atmospheric pressure is by vacuuming a can (if you can find one) to crush it.
M-HS20 Atmospheric pressure: Air in a metal can is replaced with water vapor (steam) which is condense back to water thereby creating a partial vacuum, and the can is crushed by external atmospheric pressure.
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M-HD-1 The water bell.
M-HD-3 Bernoulli's principle: A ball drawn into a funnel and a card drawn to a flat disc with air emerging through a hole in its center.
M-HD-2 Bernoulli's principle applied to jets: Balls in water and air jets, drawing together of two balls by an air jet, the atomizer.
M-HD-4 Bernoulli's principle applied to jets: A balloon supported by a vertical column of air from an electric fan.
M-HD-6 Bernoulli's principle: Ping pong balls supported above metal tube with holes.
M-HD-7 Bernoulli's principle: Ping pong ball supported by air flow from funnel above it.
M-HD-5 The Magnus phenomenon: Throw curve balls with a launching trough .
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M-SHM1 Comparison of projected circular motion and simple harmonic motion: A rotating wheel and a mass on a spring.
M-SHM2 Simple harmonic motion: A vibrating hacksaw blade.
M-SHM3 Simple harmonic motion: A large pendulum suspended from the ceiling.
M-SHM4 Simple harmonic motion: A small torsional pendulum with an adjustable moment of inertia.
M-SHM5 Simple harmonic motion: A heavy physical pendulum with adjustable period.
M-SHM6 Coupled oscillators and resonance: Two coupled pendula of similar length; a Wilburforce pendulum constructed of a mass on a helical spring tuned to have a vertical translational frequency nearly equal to the rotational frequency.
M-SHM7 Lissajous patterns: Pasco synthesizer allows perfectly stable patterns to be displayed on an oscilloscope.
M-SHM8 Simple harmonic motion: A large torsional pendulum.
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WMS-1 Types of traveling waves: The large, mechanical wave machine.
WMS-2 Transverse waves: Waves on a hand-driven rope, standing wave on a machine driven string.
WMS-3 Longitudinal waves: A giant slinky suspended horizontally.
WMS-4 Propagation of waves: A commercial ripple tank.
WMS-5 Propagation of sound: A set of large, glass slides.
WMS-6 Refraction of waves: A mechanical analog.
WMS-7 Synthesis of standing waves: A small mechanical wave machine whose shadow is projected.
WMS-8 Standing sound waves: Speakers, microphone, and oscilloscope.
WMS-9 Standing waves on a vibrating plate: Nodes of two-dimensional standing waves are made apparent by sand on vibrating Chladni plates.
WMS-10 A sounding body is in mechanical motion: A tuning fork and ping pong ball.
WMS-11 The motion of a tuning fork: A large tuning fork and a stroboscope.
WMS-12 The frequency limit of human hearing: Galton whistle, oscillator, speaker, microphone and oscilloscope.
WMS-13 Relation of pitch to frequency: The siren and a card held against a toothed wheel.
WMS-14 Sound does not travel through a vacuum: An evacuated jar containing a bell.
WMS-15 Reflection of sound waves: A watch at the focus of a large parabolic mirror can be heard tens of feet away.
WMS-16 High quality sound rods and forks.
WMS-17 Three dimensional standing sound waves: Two speakers, oscillator, and amplifier generate standing waves throughout lecture room.
WMS-18 Interference of sound waves of differing frequency (beats): Two audio oscillators with speakers or two similar organ pipes.
WMS-19 Interference of sound waves of the same frequency: A special tuning fork designed to radiate from the prongs.
WMS-20 The Doppler effect: A mechanical analog of a traveling string with paper riders.
WMS-21 Resonance: A set of two sounding bars, one of which can excite the other from a large distance.
WMS-22 The pitch of an instrument depends on the speed of sound: An organ pipe that is sounded with either air or natural gas.
WMS-23 Resonance: Amplifying the sound from a tuning fork with your large open mouth.
WMS-24 The pitch of an instrument depends on the speed of sound: Speaking with your vocal cavities filled with helium.
WMS-25 An artificial larynx.
WMS-26 The vibrational frequency of a struck bar depends on its rigidity: Wooden bars with rectangular cross sections.
WMS-27 Resonant frequencies of objects depend on their dimensions: Musical slats.
WMS-28 Vibrating bars: The metallophone, a xylophone-like instrument.
WMS-29 The harmonic nature of the overtones of a vibrating string: The sonometer.
WMS-30 Combinational tones: The audience hopefully hears the sum and difference frequencies of two loud tones.
WMS-31 The harmonic nature of the overtones of a vibrating air column: The harmonic pipe.
WMS-32 Pre-recorded effects: A set of two records demonstrating various musical and physical effects, including musical scales, overtones and the Doppler effect.
WMS-33 Standing sound waves: A flexible corrugated plastic tube emits a loud pure tone when swung in a circle while holding one end. [AJP 42, 278 (1974)].
WMS-34 Standing sound waves: Long aluminum rod rings loud and clear when held at a nodal point and stroked longitudinally with rosin on chamois.
WMS-35 Fourier synthesis: Several periodic waveforms can be approximated with up to 9 harmonics using the Fourier synthesizer and oscilloscope.
WMS-36 Interference of waves: Transparencies to show Moire interference patterns.
WMS-37 Wave propagation, interference and diffraction: A set of three ultrasonic transducers can be used to show traveling sinusoidal waves, double source interference, and diffraction.
WMS-38 Standing waves: A long thin plastic rod shaken by hand.
WMS-39 Resonance: Three pairs of rods weighted at the free ends. When a rod is made to vibrate, the corresponding pair also vibrates.
WMS-40 Organ pipe.
WMS-41 Resonance demo with a drinking straw.
WMS-42 The wave demonstrator.
WMS-43 Beats using 2 function generators.
WMS-45 Doppler whistle. Sonalert connected to a power supply.
WMS-46 Doppler whistle on a motor.
H-1 An exhibit of thermometers.
H-2 Thermal expansion of materials: The expansion of a long current-carrying wire.
H-3 Differential thermal expansion: Various bimetallic strips with one arranged to open and close a switch to turn lights on.
H-4 Thermal expansion of a gas: The Galilean gas thermometer, an early type of gas thermometer.
H-5 Differential gas thermometer: Franklin's pulse or palm glass.
H-6 Thermal expansion of materials: The demonstration of the expansion of a hole using a ball and ring.
H-7 Thermal expansion of materials: The expansion of a cavity in a solid is demonstrated by noting the initial reverse response of a model thermometer.
H-8 Thermal expansion of materials: A working model of a compensated pendulum.
H-9 The measurement of temperature differences and thermal radiation: The thermocouple and the thermopile.
H-10 The dependence of the electrical resistance of metals on temperature: An electric light is greatly dimmed by the heating of wire in series with it.
H-11 The principles and simulation of optical pyrometer.
H-12 Low temperature behavior of materials: Various liquid nitrogen demonstrations.
H-13 An alloy with a melting point near room temperature: A teaspoon made of Wood's metal melts in a cup of hot water.
H-14 Thermal conductivity: The thermal diffusivity (conductivity) of various rods with uniformly spaced balls supported by wax are compared.
H-15 Thermal conductivity: The boiling of water in a paper box over an open flame.
H-16 Thermal conductivity: A flame chars thin paper in contact with wood but not paper in contact with metal.
H-17 Thermal conductivity and the flash point of a gas: The containment of a flame by a wire screen - the Davy safety lamp.
H-18 Convection of gases: A vertical windmill driven by an electric lamp, a candle in a divided vertical glass tube.
H-19 Thermal radiation: A cone heater, two concave metal reflectors and an ordinary rotating-vane radiometer.
H-20 Absorption of radiation: The arc lamp ignites graphite-coated paper but not clean bond paper.
H-21 Transmission of visible and near infrared radiation by materials: Water is transparent in the visible and nearly opaque in the infrared, while iodine in CS2 solution is opaque in the visible yet more transparent in the infrared.
H-22 Thermal radiation: Radiation from various surfaces of a cube is detected with a thermopile.
H-23 Thermal energy transfers: A thermos bottle exhibit.
H-24 Comparison of specific heats: Hot cylinders of different metals melt into a paraffin slab various distances proportional to their specific heats.
H-25 Critical temperature of a gas: CO2 in a pressurized tube is passed through the critical temperature while the liquid-gas interface is projected on the wall.
H-26 Regelation of ice: A weighted wire will pass through an ice cube yet leave it whole.
H-27 A geyser: A working model of a geyser.
H-28 Cooling by evaporation: Water at one end of a closed glass container, a cryophorus, is frozen by evaporation when the other end is placed in liquid nitrogen.
H-29 Cooling by evaporation: CO2 escaping from a tank of liquid CO2 forms solid CO2.
H-30 Liquification of air: Air in a balloon is liquified when placed into liquid nitrogen and gently squeezed.
H-31 Vapor pressure of liquids: The vapor pressure of liquids riding on top of mercury in barometer tubes are compared.
H-32 Nucleation aids condensation: A fog is alternately made and evaporated in a smoke-filled flask.
H-33 The dependence of the boiling point on pressure: A flask of hot water starts to boil when ice is placed against the top of the flask.
H-34 Adiabatic Compression of a gas: Cotton in a glass cylinder ignites when the air within is rapidly compressed.
H-35 Conversion of mechanical work to heat: A water-filled pipe pops its cork when it is tightly squeezed as it rapidly rotates.
H-36 Heat engines: A working model of Hero's engine.
H-38 Heat engines: A "dipping duck" engine driven by the cooling effect of evaporating water.
H-39 Heat engines: An exhibit of a model gasoline engine and a model steam engine.
H-40 Heat engines: A large working engine consisting of a heavy wheel on a flexible axle which is driven by the asymmetric thermal expansion of the axle caused by a collection of heat lamps.
H-41 Thermal expansion of materials: A large meter is mechanically driven by an expanding rod heated with steam.
H-42 Cooling by evaporation: Liquid nitrogen in a large transparent dewar freezes after rapidly boiling when a vacuum pump is turned on.
H-43 Boyle's Law: Weights on a syringe piston.
H-44 Thermoelectric converter.
H-45 Nitinol engine: Nitinol helical spring contracts when heated, expands when cooled. When it contracts, it provides torque to turn gear connected to pulley which then turn large rod disk.
H-46 Constant volume air thermometer.
H-48 Water is a poor conductor of heat.
H-49 Thermobile(Nitinol Engine):Nitinol wire is heated and then contracts causing a large wheel to turn.
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L-1 Rectilinear propagation of light: A pinhole projector.
L-2 Reflection of light by intersecting plane mirrors: Two mirrors hinged at their intersection, two large mirrors and a small retroreflecting cube.
L-3 Refraction of light: Water tank for demonstrating reflection, refraction and total internal reflection at the surface.
L-4 Reflection of light: Moderately large concave, convex and plane mirrors.
L-5 The real image: The real image of a hidden light bulb is formed by a large concave mirror.
L-6 The continuous spectrum and the absorption spectra of solid materials: A spectrum is produced using a prism illuminated with an arc lamp or a slide projector.
L-7 Deviation, dispersion and achromatism: Prisms of various materials.
L-8 Reflection and refraction: The Hartl disc demonstrates ray paths through simple optical components.
L-9 Total internal reflection: A soot-covered ball in water appears silvery.
L-10 Total internal reflection: A curled lucite rod illuminated at one end.
L-11 Reflection and refraction: A change in the index of refraction at an interface is necessary for the reflection or refraction of light - a ground glass in a clear liquid with the same index of refraction is invisible.
L-12 Illumination measurement and comparison: The Lummer-Brodhun photometer head, paraffin block photometer, Weston sight meter, and the Weston illuminometer.
L-13 Imaging on the human retina: Individual students form the apparently inverted shadow image of a pin on their retinas.
L-14 Spherical and chromatic aberrations: A large lens with various masks.
L-15 Refraction of light: A mechanical analog - refer to WMS-6.
L-16 Prisms and glasses: An exhibit of various prisms and a sample of uranium glass.
L-17 Refraction of light: The shadow of a card is shortened by passing through a glass cube.
L-18 Interference in thin films: The projection of Newton's rings.
L-19 Interference in thin films: The reflected colors from a spherical soap bubble.
L-20 Interference in thin film: Mercury light reflected from mica and a microwave analog.
L-21 Interference: The Michelson interferometer.
L-22 Single and Double Slit diffraction: Various slit systems on a Cornell slitfilm diffract laser light onto wall; also available is a variable slit.
L-23 Fresnel diffraction: The shadows of various objects in a diverging laser beam.
L-24 Diffraction gratings: A spectrum is produced using a grating illuminated by a slide projector fitted with a slit.
L-25 Polarization by reflection: Light from a white lamp is reflected from window glass and analyzed with a polaroid sheet.
L-26 Polarization of mechanical vibrations: Wooden bars with rectangular cross sections - see WMS-26.
L-27 Polarization of light: Two large polaroid sheets and a third small piece on the overhead projector.
L-28 Polarization of light: A mechanical analog of the demonstration L-27.
L-29 Double refraction of light: Various bi-refringent materials are displayed on the overhead projector.
L-30 Double refraction of light: Two Rochon prisms are mounted in a horizontal light beam.
L-31 Polarization of microwaves: A polarized source and detector of microwaves are used with a polarizing grid of parallel wires.
L-32 Polarization of scattered light: Light is scattered from an arc beam by a suspension of powdered milk.
L-33 Line spectra: Mercury spectrum formed by a prism is projected.
L-34 Color by the subtractive method: A delicate set of Wratten filters.
L-35 The reflection of colored light: Various colored objects in colored illuminations.
L-36 Absorption bands: The narrow absorption bands of didymium glass blocks the sodium D lines.
L-37 Color by the additive method: An illuminated color triangle.
L-38 Color by the additive method: Colored discs mounted on a motor driven shaft.
L-39 Physics of color: Lecture notes.
L-40 Testing color vision: Ishihara color plates and slides.
L-41 Luminescent materials: Various phosphorescent and fluorescent materials illuminated by an ultraviolet lamp.
L-42 X-ray machine (this is no longer avaible)
L-43 Photoelectric effect: The current through a vacuum phototube can be displayed or used to control a relay. (same as EM-C16).
L-44 Total internal reflection: A laser beam follows a parabolic stream of water emerging from a lucite box.
L-45 Reflection and refraction: A blackboard optics kit consisting of two sources and various two-dimensional mirrors, lenses and a prism for large scale ray diagrams.
L-46 Reflection and refraction: Several parallel laser beams incident on a large mirror or lens are made visible with chalk dust.
L-47 Interference in thin films: Light is reflected from a soap film on a wire frame. Either monochromatic or white light can be used.
L-48 Interference in thin films: An air wedge between two glass plates.
L-49 Diffraction gratings and spectra: Each student uses a piece of plastic grating material to view a straight filament bulb, and mercury, hydrogen and sodium sources on the lecture tables.
L-50 Fraunhofer diffraction: Each student makes pinholes in a piece of aluminum foil and views a tiny source of white light from the zirconium arc with the foil immediately in front of the eye.
L-51 Holograms: The three dimensional nature of the images produced by one of our collection of holograms is illustrated by viewing from different angles with the TV. camera.
L-52 Total internal reflection of microwaves: Microwaves are reflected by a prism of salt and are transmitted along a flexible tube filled with plastic beads.
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E&M-S1 Charging by friction: Assorted fur, silk, rods, balloons and rubber strands.
E&M-S2 Two kinds of electric charge plus conductors and insulators: Assorted materials and two electroscopes.
E&M-S3 Charging by induction and the behavior of charged conductors: Two spherical conductors,a pear-shaped conductor and various electrostatic equipment.
E&M-S4 Charging by induction: The electrophorus.
E&M-S5 Forces between electric charges: Ben Franklin's electric chimes and the small electrostatic machine.
E&M-S6 The large electrostatic machine.
E&M-S7 Various electrostatic experiments: The Leyden jar, lightning rod, rotating pinwheel, electrical breakdown of glass.
E&M-S8 Various electrostatic experiments: Standing hair on a charge person, an electrically conducting lecturer, and a multi-student circuit.
E&M-S9 Electrostatic shielding: An electroscope inside a shield of screen wire.
E&M-S10 Capacitors with solid dielectric: A dissectible Leyden jar.
E&M-S11 Variation of potential of a capacitor with a change of geometry: A large, adjustable parallel plate capacitor.
E&M-S12 Construction of capacitors: An exhibit of capacitors.
E&M-S13 A Van de Graaf electrostatic generator.
E&M-S14 Electrostatic deflection of an electron beam: Cathode-ray tube on an open mounting with assorted electrostatic materials.
E&M-S15 Storage of electric charge on a capacitor: A neon glow lamp relaxation oscillator.
E&M-S16 Capacitor: Using a 0.47 farad capacitor to light a light bulb
See related Video Tapes and Laser Disks
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E&M-C1 The series element with the greatest resistance develops the greatest heat: Copper and iron wires of the same cross section in series.
E&M-C2 In series connection, the lamp of smallest wattage burns brightest: Electric lamps in series and parallel.
E&M-C3 The potential drop of electric power lines: A working model transmission line.
E&M-C4 Circuit protection by a fuse: Lead fuse wire in a simple circuit.
E&M-C5 The dependence of the electrical resistance of metals on temperature: An electric light is greatly dimmed by the heating of wire in series with it. (Same as H-10).
E&M-C6 Electrodeposition: The growth of a lead tree in an electrolytic cell is projected.
E&M-C7 Ions are necessary for electrolytic conduction: Electric conduction in a cell of variable ion concentration.
E&M-C9 Voltaic EMF: An EMF is generated by the electrodes and electrolyte of your choice.
E&M-C10 A secondary cell: A homemade lead storage cell rings a bell after being charged.
E&M-C11 An exhibit of batteries, both primary and secondary.
E&M-C12 Electrical conduction in gases: A long discharge tube driven by an induction coil is connected to a vacuum pump.
E&M-C13 Control of current by the grid of a vacuum tube: A lamp is controlled by bringing charged objects near a large electrode connected to the grid of a tube.
E&M-C16 Photoelectric effect: The current through a vacuum phototube can be displayed or used to control a relay (same as L-43).
E&M-C17 Resistance and resistivity: Two copper wires of identical length but different cross section in series.
E&M-C18 RC series circuit: Current and voltage waveforms in a series RC circuit driven by a square wave generator are displayed on an oscilloscope. Both C and R can be varied.
E&M-C19 RC circuit behavior by Dr. Stanford.
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E&M-M1 Magnetic field due to an electric current: A current-carrying wire with a large compass needle on a supporting pin.
E&M-M2 Electromagnetism and magnetic forces on materials: A large solenoid with an iron core pulls nails from a box.
E&M-M3 Magnetic forces on materials: An electromagnet for lifting loads.
E&M-M4 Magnetic forces on materials: The magnetic and electrostatic forces on materials are distinct effects as demonstrated by various rods on a rotating mount that can be attracted or repelled either magnetically or electrostatically.
E&M-M5 Force on a current-carrying conductor in a magnetic field: A wire with a large current hops out of the gap of a strong magnet.
E&M-M6 Magnetic forces on materials and currents: A freely-rotating solenoid that can be attracted or repelled with a bar magnet or made to rotate as an electric motor demonstrates that the magnetic forces on a solenoid are similar to those on a bar magnet.
E&M-M7 DC electric motor: A working model of an electric motor or generator.
E&M-M8 D'Arsonval meter movement: A large D'Arsonval galvanometer in a glass dome.
E&M-M9 Common magnetic materials: A collection of samples of iron, chromium, manganese, nickel, cobalt, silicon and lodestone ore.
E&M-M10 Magnetic properties of materials: Steady magnetic fields penetrate most materials.
E&M-M11 Magnetization of materials: Two three-pole magnets on rubber wheels behave in a paradoxical fashion.
E&M-M12 Magnetic forces on materials: A ferrite ring is magnetically suspended in the field of another ring.
E&M-M13 Magnetization of materials: A bar magnet is broken to yield two half-sized bar magnets.
E&M-M14 The magnetic field of the earth: A dip needle.
E&M-M15 Magnetization of materials: Several bars are magnetized using the field of the earth.
E&M-M16 Magnetic forces on materials: A vintage telegraph relay and sounder.
E&M-M17 Magnetic forces on materials: A vintage telephone receiver.
E&M-M18 Magnetic properties of materials: The Curie point of iron is demonstrated by the decrease in magnetic force on an intensely heated piece of iron.
E&M-M19 Magnetic properties of materials: The Curie point of gadolinium and/or dysprosium.
E&M-M20 Magnetic force on a moving electric charge - the Hall effect: The Hall voltage of a semiconductor is displayed on a meter and can be used to measure the magnetic field near various wires and materials.
E&M-M21 The force between currents in parallel wires: Two spring-mounted vertical wires attract or repel each other depending on the relative direction of the current in each.
E&M-M22 The magnetic field of the earth: A large demonstration dip needle.
E&M-M23 The torque on a loop in a magnetic field: A freely-rotating single wire loop orients itself in the magnetic field between two electromagnets with large pole faces. A multiturn loop with pointer is also available.
E&M-M25 Magnetic properties of materials: Liquid oxygen, which is paramagnetic, clings to the pole faces of a small magnet and forms a liquid bridge.
E&M-M26 Magnetic force on a moving electric charge: The electrons in a double beam, cold cathode tube are deflected with a magnet. (See E&M-C14.)
E&M-M27 Magnetic force on a moving electric charge: The electron beam of an oscilloscope tube is deflected with bar magnets or electro-magnets with large pancake pole faces. (See E&M-S14.)
E&M-M28 Magnetic properties of materials: The hysteresis loop for iron is displayed on an oscilloscope. (See the write-up for E&M-AC4.)
E&M-Ind1 Electromagnetic induction: Various ways of inducing a current in a coil of wire.
E&M-Ind2 Principles of a transformer: An induction coil.
E&M-Ind3 Electrical generators: A working model of an AC or DC generator.
E&M-Ind4 Electromagnetic induction: The back EMF of an electric motor is an example of induction of an EMF by motion of a circuit in a magnetic field.
E&M-Ind5 Electrical generators: A large hand-cranked generator lights several lamps.
E&M-Ind6 Eddy currents: The motion of a swinging solid metallic vane in a magnetic field is rapidly damped while the motion of a slotted vane is not.
E&M-Ind7 Eddy currents: (Arago disc) A rotating copper disk has eddy currents induced by a compass needle which also begins to rotate as a result.
E&M-Ind8 Principles of a transformer: A lamp wired to a coil is lighted by a second coil hidden from view.
E&M-Ind9 Principles of a transformer: A very versatile demountable transformer.
E&M-Ind10 Eddy currents: An aluminum ring hops off the core of an electromagnet which is suddenly energized.
E&M-Ind11 Self-inductance: An EMF is induced across an electromagnet by current changes in the coil.
E&M-Ind12 Self-inductance: A lamp and an electromagnet in series are excited by either AC or DC.
E&M-Ind13 There is an AC current in the line feeding a capacitor with AC, but no current (except transient) with DC.
E&M-Ind14 Step-up transformer: A Jacob's ladder connected to the secondary of a transformer has an arc which periodically strikes, rises, and extinguishes.
E&M-Ind15 Eddy currents and the induction motor: Various metallic objects spin in a rotating magnetic field (see write-up for E&M-AC2).
E&M-Ind16 Self-inductance: Two low voltage bulbs, one in series with a large inductor and the other in series with a resistance equal to that of the inductor, are connected to a DC supply simultaneously.
E&M-Ind17 Self-inductance: Current and voltage waveforms in a series LR circuit driven by a square wave generator are displayed on an oscilloscope. Both L and R can be varied. Also LC or LRC.
E&M-Ind17b Resonance: LRC Circuit Shows Resonance.
E&M-Ind17c Ringing and Resonance: LC Circuit Shows Ringing and Resonant Frequency.
E&M-Ind18 Same as E&M-Ind 1: with a scope replacing see through meter.
E&M-AC1 The series RLC circuit: the various phase relations in a tunable RLC series circuit are displayed.
E&M-AC2 Eddy currents and the induction motor: Various metallic objects spin in a rotating magnetic field (also listed as E&M-Ind15).
E&M-AC3 Phasors: Shadow project of a vector to obtain a component (see description of M-K 6).
E&M-AC4 Magnetic properties of materials: The hysteresis loop for iron is displayed on an oscilloscope. (Also listed as E&M-M28.)
E&M-AC5 High frequency electrical phenomena: A Tesla coil provides current at high frequencies to light bulbs to which it is not directly connected and to weld together two wires held in your bare hands.
E&M-AC6 Electromagnetic waves: A 3.24 meter transmitter with dipole antenna and several dipole receivers demonstrate EM waves, polarization and antenna current distributions. Standing EM waves are also produced on a helically wound wire. (also listed as E&M-Ind15).
E&M-AC7 Capacitors in AC circuits: An AC supply lights a bulb in series with a capacitor while a DC supply does not. (See description of E&M-Ind 13.)
E&M-AC8 LC circuits: The RF and demodulated signals from WOI received by a simple LC combination with a diode demodulator are displayed on a dual trace scope while the class listens to the station.
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E&M-Nuc1 Geiger counter with sound.
E&M-Nuc2 Labnet Geiger counter computer controlled (Apple).
E&M-Nuc3 Cloud chamber: The path of Alpha particles or Beta particles can be seen in the chamber.
E&M-Nuc4 Gas model. Balls in wire cage agitated with blower. A collection of crystal models is available.
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